See many of my classmates talking about the laptop thing, think about notebook to our unit almost used all mainstream brand, I also spent a lot of brands, venture to summarize:

2, toshiba, more expensive, the quality is not good publicity, in fact our unit of Toshiba's often bad, the look is very general, and more and more in general, in particular, several paint, soil simply tooth, but also screen, previously said that Toshiba's screen is good, Some styles do not have the original screen, should pay attention to. Basic for senior leadership with a brand not play (at that age that Toshiba is good).

1, ibm, quality not to say that the price did not say, will not have any problems almost is like too earth (matter of opinion), or too conservative, especially in the confines of the screen, convex There hasp, ugly death . Suitable technical leadership to use, stable and worth.
3, hp / compaq, good value for money machine, the quality is also very stable, hp too Americanized, does not look good; the compaq relative quality is better, but look a little delicate. Our units only bad a charger, a bad contact. Used for real work, good performance, and not play.

4, sony, notebook Xinjun, quasi rubbish! Several of our units almost from head to toe are bad, only powder the Siha × family what will be sought after, basic laptop use in the more than 10-year history of people will not look at the. Suitable for leadership with ultra-portable, looks just fine, and leadership in the hands of dc dv compatible, a brand thing. Small bag put on the line, only for the basic report with, not the intensity of use (you want to just put ppt released a bunch of problems, the real work of the people can count on it).

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14, a network protocol
Network protocol network (including the Internet) delivery, management information specification. As the interaction between people need to follow certain rules, mutual communication between your computer needs to abide by certain rules, and these rules referred to as the network protocol.A computer only comply with the network protocol, to other computers on the network normal communication. The network protocol is usually divided into several levels, each floor to complete their own separate function. Communicating parties only in the common level between can contact each other. C

15, network firewall
The concept of a firewall
The network firewall referred firewall, course, since intend Deep and to understand, we must first look at the concept of a firewall. The firewall is the name of a member of the automobile. In the car, use a firewall and the engine separated from the passengers, so that the car engine fire, the firewall is not only to protect the safety of passengers, while at the same time also allows the driver to continue to control the engine. Then computer terminology, of course, did not mean that we can analogy to understand, in the network, the so-called "firewall", refers to a separate intranets and public access network (eg, the Internet).

it is actually An isolation technology. The firewall is two networks communicate an access control measure, it can allow you to "agree" and data into your network, you "do not agree" and data out at the same time, maximize prevented network hacker to access your network. In other words, if you do not pass through the firewall, the people inside the company will not be able to access the Internet, people on the Internet can not communicate with people inside the company.The firewall should be able to reject all of the above types of attack packets and inform the firewall administrator.

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First understand explain the super-pipelined superscalar pipeline (pipeline). The pipeline is the Intel 486 chip for the first time start using. The pipeline work like industrial production on the assembly line. An instruction processing pipeline from 5-6 different functions of circuit unit in the CPU, an X86 instruction into steps 5-6, then perform these circuit elements, so that can be achieved in a CPU clock cycles to complete an instruction , and therefore improve the computing speed of the CPU. Classic Pentium divided into four water each integer pipeline, instruction prefetch, decode, execute, and write back the result, the floating-point water is divided into eight water.

Superscalar through the built-in multi-lines simultaneously perform multiple processors, and its essence is space for time.  For example, the Pentium 4 pipeline up to 20. Step (level) of the pipeline design the longer, the completion of one instruction faster, so it can adapt to the working frequency higher CPU. But the pipeline is too long also bring some side effects are likely to occur with higher frequency lower actual CPU operation speed phenomenon Intel Pentium 4 appeared in this case, it clocked up to 1.4G or more AMD 1.2G Athlon, but the computational performance is far less than even the Pentium III.

12. Package
The CPU package specific material curing the CPU chip or the CPU module in which protective measures to prevent damage, must generally be packaged CPU can be delivered to users. CPU package depends on the CPU installed in the form and integrated device design, from the the large classification point of view usually Socket socket CPU PGA (Land Grid Array) package installed, while the use of the CPU Slot x slot installation, all with the SEC (unilateral patch box) packaging. Also of PLGA (Plastic Land Grid Array), OLGA (Organic Land Grid Array) packaging technology.
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The Silent Store according to the degree of control is divided into Quiet and Fast two levels. If you choose to Quiet, then the disk will enter the quiet seek mode, the noise significantly reduce disk performance drastically decreased; disk into the fast seek mode if you select Fast, noise increases at this time, the disk performance must improve. The Acoustic Management's main executable file is amset.exe, it has four command parameters: When you cut into the input amset.exe / quiet Quiet mode; Fast mode input amset.exe / fast cut; When the input amset.exe / off on off the noise reduction function.

8: Computer Noise Reduction Raiders - the root cause of the optical drive noise

● high-speed rotation of the wind

When the drive normal working hours, a motor to drive the disc rotation speed is very fast. Ordinary 40-speed CD-ROM drive or a 32-speed CD-ROM disc rotation speed up to 7000 revolutions per minute, the noise reached 50 decibels. With the optical drive speed continuously improve the speed and the noise in the rotation along with the corresponding growth. The high-speed CD-ROM drive on the market today (48X), motor speed in revolutions per minute the 10500 turn as much as 225 km, can reach a top speed means that its operation on the disc (outer). And inevitably its spindle motor as the speed increased.

 the vertical and horizontal vibration becomes large, the entire board chip intensity alarming generate heat, the disc which drive the internal environment is more severe. In this state, if the drive does not have a more reasonable measures to solve, then the reading particularly long read eccentric, too thin, uneven medium, scratches, cracks, especially radial cracks pirated CDs, the disc will generate huge intense vibration, powerful centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, will further expand the original crack when expanded to a certain extent, the disc will be an instant smash, spraying out.

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2. System file corruption
When system files are damaged, the basic system is running as under Win2K KERNEL32.DLL Win98 FONTS directory font file is damaged, the system startup will not be able to complete the initialization and forced to restart. You can be a test, "FONTS" font WIN98 directory renamed to give it a try. When you re-boot the computer will constantly repeat the start.
For this failure, because they can not enter the normal desktop, only cover the installation or re-installation.

3. Timing software or work plan tasks software
If you plan taskbar set to restart or load some of the work program, when the timing when the moment of arrival, the computer will start again. For this case, we can open the "Start" key, check if there is anything they are not familiar with the implementation of file or other timing work program, its shield and then start checking. Of course, we can also direct input in the running "inside" Msconfig "command to select the startup items.

Second, the hardware

1. Mains voltage instability
Solution: For regular power supply instability region, we can purchase UPS power or 130-260V wide switching power supply to ensure that your computer is stable.

2. Strip or electrical outlet poor quality, poor contact
Solution:
① Do not plan to save money and buy cheap and poor quality power strip, buy some brand-name power socket, because its internal machine automatically install crimp, no manual welding.
② whether belonging to the wall outlet internal virtual access, we can host for a wall outlet to try and see if there is the same automatic restart.

3. The power of the computer power supply is insufficient or poor performance
Solution: Now for the high-quality high-power computer power.

4. Host switching power supply mains plug is loose, poor contact, is not fully seated
Solution: Replace the power cord of quality 3C certification.

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Battery energy storage part of the uninterruptible power supply system, it's a direct impact on the reliability of the power supply system. SILCON UPS external battery system of two batteries in series inside the machine, the middle point then zero, two sets of batteries without boost or converted to form a half-bridge inverter system DC positive and negative BUS. Main inverter is charging the battery at the same time, the positive and negative half-cycle corresponding to the charging of two batteries, the charging current is not necessarily identical, but normal are basically the same.

A, if the capacity of the battery is reduced to not enough to withstand the current load, under normal circumstances, the user is difficult to find. Interruption of electricity, UPS attempted battery discharge, the system will be low battery voltage shutdown, load crashes; When the front panel to do a battery capacity test, the alarm system will be reported bat weak load will not crashes; if the mains fluctuations, the situation is more complicated. The general UPS will power fluctuations turn the battery-powered, immediately shut down low battery voltage, load crashes;

If the two sets of open-circuit voltage of the battery is inconsistent (both 32 * N series single 12V battery), high low, the gap is not reflected as two sets of battery charging current, the gap is too big, the performance for charging excessive noise.charging current final by the mains, and finally lead to flow through DELTA transformer secondary side current asymmetry DELTA inverter poor working conditions, the noise is inevitable. Replaced battery UPS work on normal.In short, the battery is very important for uninterrupted power supply system, charging one thousand, electricity moment. Discover the battery hidden reduce due to power failure caused by the battery, it is the obligation of each power system defenders.

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VXA can shift operation (VSO) to enable it to regulate the speed of movement of the tape in order to match the data transmission speed of the host, this rate is adjusted so the VXA become arising can avoid the tape back to pull the tape drive media wear. Exclusion back pull also reduces the mechanical wear of the drive to improve the capacity and reliability of data recovery.

Exabyte Corporation has the tape experience of 20 years, with many of the industry's first VXA technology awareness is not very high, the user the advantages of VXA not understand, which is Exabyte to be addressed.

Mainstream tape technology, in the choice of a specific product, users need from the product price, ease of use and other aspects to measure.

(1) to select cost-effective tape products

SMEs from their own situation, the equipment selection should be high cost performance products as the first choice factors.

The performance of tape storage products is mainly reflected in the capacity and speed, and can generally be based on the date the amount of stored data size, the speed of data growth, data backup cycle to determine the capacity of tape device. For SME users, of Exabyte Corporation VXA-172 Packet tape drives and autoloaders products or, AIT-3 and other more appropriate, roughly equal on both capacity and speed, but the price on the VXA-172 than dominant.

VXA-172 single cartridge capacity of 172GB, transfer rate up to 24MB / s, within two hours backup up to 172GB (compression ratio 2:1) data, VXA-172 Packet tape drives and autoloaders can achieve the desired expansion, when the increase of the amount of user memory, the flexibility to upgrade to 320GB. terms of short-term and long-term, can save the user's total cost of ownership. Price, the VXA price is 2/3 of the price of similar products, cost-effective products in the current low-end market, very attractive to SMEs.

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The fireball board LM Series LM, KA, KX models, LM chip high heat, high operating voltage, the power supply is also more complicated. The chip designs Personally, I think it can be considered, although there will be burned, but have not Philips fast bad. The board is a good design, bad driver chip, the next element will suffer! ! ! ! Driver chip is bad, then, will produce other components burned out, it bad break components: three 22-ohm resistor also bad, but the resistance is broken, it is difficult to find a replacement under the parallel resistance 6.7 Europe available a 1/8W resistor replacement draw three resistors in parallel, the coil will easily rotten, hard time finding a replacement can be replaced by two inductors LE board.

: LED light, the main chip bad.

: On chips to play disc, head control chip is broken or power supply bad the transformer dual triode breakdown.

: Disk turn indicator lights out, bad for the cache.

Four: the light is not on, the board supply voltage: 12V, 3.3V, 8V, driver chips bad whether, crystal, head control chip short circuit, the main chip bad.

: Indicator light, does not turn bad driver chips, the main chip poor contact or bad.

Six: light Friday, cache poor contact or bad cache, the main chip poor contact or bad.

Seven: everything is normal, including the sound of the hard disk seek normal motherboard can not find the disk-based chip bad. (Note that the main chip resistance leading to the IDE port is damaged.)

 

The fireball AS circuit board repair

Fireball intraday 7200, 2M cache, there are two: one for the AS series, another for LM, KA, KX Series. Drive chips are ST. Different models, not substitution. Latter board relative to the former good repair.

AS the plate in the 7200 state, the heavy workload of the driver chips, heat, high operating voltage supply of the AS board also complex.

Driver chip failure caused by: do not turn, does not shine, idling, playing disc.

Since the circuit board than LCT series of thick, small. Generally does not appear Weld phenomenon, caused by the failure: flash, seek not fully hit the disk does not shine, does not recognize disk, admit parameters, turn after turn off the lights.

A common problem of the the fireball AS board is the driver chip next to the transistor burned out, and the change will burn, it is difficult to find the substitution triode.

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The laptop is becoming more and more favorite, is its portability and mobility. It was generally felt that the small size of this thin is better mobility. In fact, not at all qualified to decide whether the laptop mobility, there is an important factor is the battery. Why do you say that? We can imagine, if you buy a small size laptop, but the usage time of the battery is not very satisfactory, then the mobile PC, what difference does it make? In this paper notebook recovery tell you is that some knowledge of the laptop battery.
Laptop battery type
First, we have to look at the type of laptop battery. Laptop battery is divided into a total of three ways: 1. Nickel-chromium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, 3. Lithium batteries. Their side: nickel-cadmium NI-CD, Ni-MH NI-MH, lithium battery LI. Mainstream notebook lithium battery.
Laptop battery capacity
A lot of people buy notebooks are beginning to care about battery businessmen who configured single write-only the battery capacity for xxxxmAh the without writing the voltage of the battery, in fact, the real unit is not a reprint of the size of the battery energy mAh but Wh. The battery power is calculated by: a battery power (Wh) = the battery voltage (V) x the battery capacity (Ah). Please note, here Ah battery capacity units instead mAh, 1Ah = 1000mAh. The example the the module battery nominal 10.8V/2200mAh, then its power is 10.8Vx2200mAh/1000 = 23.76Wh. Battery voltage and capacity usually marked on the battery, calculate know. Some vendors will not be marked on the battery specifications, so we can only use the test software.
Notebook battery core replacement
Laptop battery battery inside the core with our usual battery is about the same, just larger. Many batteries are designed with a self-locking function, that is, once the battery from the control circuit will enter a self-locking state. Into the status of the self-locking battery will not work, the battery is tantamount to scrapping, only certain techniques in order to unlock, which only a professional engineer to do. So we can only choose to replace the battery core. Replace the battery core can not be so casual, I hope to find a more professional personnel to replace. If they replace, end-of-life of a battery is a little thing, but did not succeed in the kind of effort to combat the most maddening.

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Figure 4 is the MSTP and EOE combined solutions in the MSTP equipment on the Center / aggregation point insertion EOE convergence board will decapsulates the EOE businesses from different directions, and convergence FE / GE interfaces gave the BSC. This saves the center point of a large number of the EOE equipment and a large number of on Lian FE ports, and can take advantage of the ability of the SDH network protection.Therefore, in MSTP introduction of RPR the MPLS mechanism to solve this problem better.how to consider the smooth transition from existing TDM networks to packet networks.

EOE + MSTP solution can be a good use of existing SDH equipment can provide carrier-class protection applications demand for 3G services in the building less initial investment, it is a considered transitional solution. With the development of the high-speed development of 3G services and IP networking technology, the entire 3G transmission network will gradually transition to fulfill the networking of IP devices.We believe the MSTP technology through its own continuous development, give full consideration to the transmission needs of a variety of applications, and will work with 3G mobile communication systems complement each other, with the times.

Transmission network as the basis of the telecommunications network, the planning and construction of the entire 3G network development will play an important role. Common platform for the construction of basic transmission need to take full account of the combination between mobile voice and data services to carry out, the rapid development of broadband services, streaming media services and 3G services carried out jointly. In a variety of technology options, I believe that the new generation of multi-service transmission platform, MSTP can achieve fast development of 3G services and provide;

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