According to the principle of signal processing, a Gaussian low-pass filter inserted quite mathematically perform the convolution of the input signal with a Gaussian function, the input signal is converted into a no overshoot, fast rise time, minimum group delay nearly Gaussian response step pulse . The basic principles and design of the Gaussian filter has a large number of monographs and documentation for reference, this space is limited only reference frequency response results. Laptop battery Gaussian low-pass filter frequency smooth roll-off characteristics can be expressed as:

Where H is the amplitude of the frequency, fo is-3dB cutoff frequency. Formula (4) showed that the frequency of the amplitude and frequency of the square of a negative exponential relationship, such as the expression dB of formula (4) can be simplified as:From equation (5), the high-frequency low-pass filter in the fo frequency attenuation 3dB, attenuation 12dB in 2fo frequency, the rest on. According to formula (5) as shown in Figure 2a can be obtained Gaussian low-pass filter frequency characteristic curve G-10, and Figure 2b is a rise time tr = 1ns and the amplitude V = 1V of the step time of the Gaussian pulse response waveform.

FIG 2 G-10 using a Gaussian low-pass filter design, the most common 10-order LC circuit which is very close to the theoretical value of the infinite order. In order to make the Gaussian low-pass filter is more suitable for high-speed frequency response, especially the impedance matching is to measure the link conditions on the basis of PSPL still Gaussian low-pass filter design, based on practical experience has been amended 9 Gaussian lowpass optimum impedance matching filter, Figure 2 with PS-9.The reason is that the step pulse source components, devices, cabling, connectors, etc.

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VSWR detection and protection programs prototype circuit design and testing, this option is adopted, HPA, VSWR> 15:1 VSWR> 4:1 the failure can still work.Transmission line voltages and currents are linked by a specific ratio, the ratio relationship is commonly referred to as the characteristic impedance (ZO). If the signal source is added to the impedance of the size as the characteristic impedance of the load, then all the power is delivered to the load. Any mismatch will cause the load impedance of the transmission line is changed, thereby causing the reflective current and voltage of the transmission line.

 thereby generating a standing wave. The laptop battery incident and reflected wave interference occurs and destructive interference, resulting in a shown in Figure 1 the maximum value (Vmax) and the minimum value (Vmin). VSWR i.e. describe the parameters of the mismatch, which is defined as the ratio of the Vmax and Vmin Vmax / Vmin.the transmitter signal to receive partially saturated, or cause the radio to overheat. The more serious impact damage to the transmitter and breakdown the transmission dielectric.The detection accuracy of the method will determine the accuracy of the VSWR measurement.

Ideal impedance matching (VSWR = 1:1) allows power lossless transmission, and severe impedance mismatch (VSWR) will cause the transmission to the load power is reduced. High VSWR may cause a variety of system problems, which are the most sensitive to VSWR is the PA preceding the antenna. High VSWR may cause to reduce the operating range of the radio device,  Reflected again at the power amplifier due to the signal reflected back to the antenna, and then re-emitted, resulting in a phenomenon similar to the multipath, and therefore high VSWR may cause the shielding fading of the television broadcasting system.

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Transparent diagnostic
Now, during operation on the IO Link sensor set, and further improves the mechanical efficiency. This makes commissioning engineers to system operation to adjust to the optimal performance - this is a significant improvement. And direct access to the data through the bus, without having to adjust the parameters on the device, the setup process will also be shortened. Laptop battery when you run an operation, the user can receive the whole transparent system diagnostic information on to the control layer, the layer next to the sensors and actuators.

For example, when a mechanical failure, it is possible in the control layer accurately identify the cause mechanical stall sensor. This is helpful in maintenance engineer, went to repair because they can bring the appropriate replacement parts. The newly installed sensors can automatically receives its parameter values ??from the control system, automatic parameter sensor failure warning greatly reducing the mechanical stall time.Germany Bramsche Dunni GmbH is the world's first use of the IO connector technology factory. This table decorations manufacturing company in the packaging line IO connector technology.

In the new packaging line, there are a number of photoelectric tracking close to switching communication controller with Profibus environment. Notebook battery indoor touchscreen interface shows the sensor signal. Operator, combined the HMI IO connection communication technology greatly simplifies the mechanical operation, and provides the end user a greater adaptability to operating reliability and practicality.The parameters of the class such as a sensor scanning interval, during operation from the automatic control system to call up and transmitted to the sensor is displayed on the panel and, when necessary. LG LB62115E Battery LG X120 Battery Fujitsu SIEMENS Amilo Mini Ui 3520 Battery Fujitsu LifeBook ah550 battery

The 100t the CDQ engineering hoist inverter main terminal control, and communications functions as read drive data use. so I chose to use a rectifier the feedbacks unit RGU with feedback capability to supply power to the common DC bus, The inverter device control terminal control mode, the communication is only used as a way of reading frequency device status. Walk the line inverter default two speed, improve inverter default third gear speed, lifting and traveling at different speeds depending on the stage given select. The inverter starts, direction and speed selection signal is given by the relay.

the brake is controlled by the inverter itself. Lifting of the laptop battery running frequency conversion device vector control with speed sensor, speed control with good accuracy and stability. The start braking performance, reducing start braking time conducive to adapt to the requirements of the production rhythm. by the completion of the field devices exchange of data between the CPU and communication.The upper set one engineer station and operator station to communicate with the host computer via Ethernet and the next crew. Hoist part of the main program control sequence control and interlock control.

4 control system
Control system using ABB's Freelance 2000 distributed control system, which combines the advantages of distributed control systems and programmable controllers, both have good man-machine interface, fast sequential logic control functions. Configuration tool application is simple, flexible, simple operation on the screen, clear thinking, easy to operate control hardware installation and maintenance simple and quick. Notebook battery Freelance 2000 distributed control system can be divided into operating level and communication level, the process level and engineer level, a different part of a different role.

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3.1 test environment and method
How fast interrupt response time directly reflects the speed of a process: laptop battery in the user layer user process through the system call pulse data is written in the core layer of real-time driver data buffer queue, the next DDA interrupt request comes, The buffer of the control chip of the interrupt service routine to the operation of the pulse data is written in the data buffer queue the triaxial position control card, driving the robot body to be operated. Therefore, we will start calling the user process of the user layer system calls the moment of the transmission pulse data as the test start time.

So in this case, in order to ensure the real-time nature of the movement of the robot, using the advantage of RT-Linux reflected. If in the case of NIC intervention tested under standard Linux interrupt processing time than RT. Under Linux would be far more longer.under a DDA interrupt request arrives, the DDA interrupt service routine to write data to the the triaxial position control card Actions control chip buffer in order to drive the robot body running time as the moment of the end of the test. Figure 3 reflects the above-mentioned process.The actual use of the real-time robot controller, robot run very stable and can meet the needs of real-time control.

3.2 Test results
The DDA cycle were set 8,12,16,24 ms four situations were tested with the results as shown in Table 1, through calculation, can be drawn.
Table 1 under low load D DA interrupt response processing time test resultsVisible at low load measurement time RT-Linux than under Linux 0.5-0.6ms faster, laptop battery that can really improve the real-time performance of the system using RT-Linux systems. Here are a few caveats:Used to test industrial control computer hardware configuration IntelPentium (clockl20MHz) RAM64MB; The server software RedHatLinux6.0 (kernel version 2.2.5 l5), RT-Linux version number 2.2; network environment l0/100M adaptive network card.

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these high-frequency components can easily through the power supply to enter the communication system. Further the transmission frequency of the system itself will be fed back through the power sensor to the communication system to cause interference. The 220μH the thus can be added in the power circuit inductors, laptop battery and incorporated into a plurality of different capacitance values ??of the capacitance constituted by a filter circuit to suppress a variety of frequency signals. The concentrator can be stable and reliable power supply and low interference to ensure its reliable operation. The schematic of the power supply circuit shown in Figure 4.

The RF part of the circuit design is the key to the success of important and difficult, but also designed concentrator concentrator design. Anti-jamming design is directly related to the RF performance and operation of the concentrator. The wiring of the RF part, reasonable layout and wiring, and an effective means of both multilayer wiring must also reduce electromagnetic interference to improve the anti-jamming capability.More importantly, nRF2401 cheaper than Bluetooth products. So nRF2401 is the industry's smallest and least power consumption, low-cost RF system-on-chip peripheral components at least.

Wiring need to pay attention to the following points: First, the RF part of the circuit is not used as wiring area must be filled with copper connected to ground, notebook batteries to provide RF shielding to achieve an effective anti-jamming; nRF2401 chip at the bottom should be grounded; In order to reduce delays, reduce crosstalk, and ensure that the high-frequency signal transmission, and you want to use multiple ground vias to minimize crosstalk reduce the impact of the distribution parameters, the device should be distributed nRF2401 nRF2401 chip bottom and stratigraphic connected in; around, and use of a smaller package.

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(1) low noise amplifier

Match the best noise measure is closely related with the sensitivity of hair / common base circuit, in order to ensure a high-performance, low-power, usually this by choosing a high-performance, low-power transistors and input end of the antenna circuit and the output of image rejection filter conjugate matching. While the rear stage of the noise contribution to be as small as possible, i.e. the mirror as small as possible to suppress the insertion loss of the filter and the noise figure of the first downconverter.The pros and cons of the antenna performance and matching state is closely related to the sensitivity of the machine.

(2) The image reject filter

Major completed image rejection function, which is the key to ensure a high degree of image rejection. Vocabulary The batteries generally require a low insertion loss and high image frequency suppression degree, usually by the SAW filter, the LC element forming the filter or a combination of both the filter constitute, due to the size of the SAW filter and a larger loss, high cost, and this article elliptic function using the combination of the series and parallel resonant LC element constituting the multi-stage filter design when considering the tolerance of the component values ​​in both the mass production.

(3) The first lower frequency converter and the first local oscillator and 21.4MHz, the first IF crystal filter and amplifier,Carrier signal to 21.4MHz first IF filtered amplified and fed to the second mixer, local oscillator and an IF amplifier and frequency discriminator ASIC. In this paper, the low local oscillator key level circuit is mixing and oscillation transistor selection of high-performance, low-power consumption, as well as the appropriate circuit topology, notebook battery inverter carrier signal and local oscillator signal from the base class input, IF-collector output circuit of hair.

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Usually the default system icon cache are relatively large, This is clearly a waste of feeling, so we want its value to make the appropriate adjustments,  Note: Some computers may not be able to use the optimized master to modify, then you can be modified using the "Super Rabbit Magic Set!In addition, the desktop background and do not make it too complicated (recommended set to "no"), and some friends also made a animated desktop, this approach does not in any realistic sense, in addition to the system will bring the destabilizing factors, no good role - after all, we only have very little time in the face of the desktop! ^ _ ^

Seven, set reasonable "disk cache",System defaults are usually very conservative, so we need to be modified, we can also be modified in the Windows optimized master, but we have to hand the digital input, the minimum disk cache can be set to 2048 (KB ), max is set to 25% of the physical memory, the buffer read and write unit 512.Note: this approach to be the stable operation of the multimedia software bring enormous benefits, especially the minimum setting is not too low!This will effectively reduce the loss of response to the phenomenon of the "New" menu!Nine, the right of the display refresh rate and resolution.

Eight right-click menu as concise as possible,A lot of programs installed in the right-click menu left figure, which we use many of which are not visible, but it gave our system a burden. Some friends always complain about their own graphics, too bad, some graphics really looks bad, but in many cases because the monitor refresh rate is set too high due to the "illusion." Usually 15, 17 inch color monitor will set the refresh rate to 75Hz on the line (if the bandwidth is sufficient, of course, also can be higher), there is no need to force on high. The resolution is also the same reason, usually set to 800 × 600 or 1024 × 768 on the line, as long as enough, not necessary to play the "ultimate" and "ashes".

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① signal lines is sequentially connected to the connector in accordance with the order of 1-9; ② signal line cross-connected and the connection point, above a row of the connector are connected respectively to the signal line, 1,3 , 5,7,9, following a row as 2,4,6,8.wait until the CD-ROM drive, hard disk self-test after the display actually does not shine. so there will not be able to install the system problem. Later been primed to enter the CMOS setup program, "Virus Warning" ("BIOS Features Setup" (BIOS feature set) virus warning) option from the "Enabled" (allowed) is set to "Disabled" (prohibited) , reinstall Windows 98 to be successful.

4 motherboard overheating cause frequent crashes

Failure phenomenon: a Tualatin/256MB DDR/GeForce2 MX440 host frequent crashes that infected with the virus, did not find any virus after killing. Also excessive disk fragmentation, leading to system instability. Defragment your hard disk, or even reformat the C drive to redo the system, but repeatedly over a period of time and then crash. Check it out later began to take into account the hardware itself ... the motherboard overheating lead to instability, because the motherboard is the hodge i845EP motherboard working poor do not say, and the cooling fan on the Northbridge, plus cooling fan problem solving.

Failure Analysis: Should this method does not resolve the fault, it can only replace the motherboard or CPU problem, usually the motherboard or CPU. Such failures are generally due to the motherboard Cache problem or motherboard design heat caused by bad, I once found a brand 815EP motherboard motherboard cooling is not good enough and that caused the failure. Touch around the CPU motherboard components after the crash and found that its temperature is very high and hot. After replacing the high-power fan, crash failures can be resolved. Cache failure to enter the CMOS setup program, the Cache ban can fix the problem.

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To turn off the power saving features second to ensure power supply, before the burning

To consume a lot of power in order to melt colorants in the process of burning, and burning is a relatively long process, so to ensure stable voltage and current. Ordinary CDR burner power is generally about 15W, but DVD burners are generally in the 25-35W, the the DVD need more strong power to support. Insufficient power supply, the first will burn quality impact, serious direct impact on the life of burner systems often abnormal, Blue Screen of Death, no reason to restart.

Usually burn a DVD disc may need 6-7 minutes of time, in the process of burning, the power saving features enabled, it is possible to cause the computer to a sudden loss of response to stop the work, thereby damaging the disc. To turn off the power saving features, and can be operated as follows: First, use the mouse to open the Control Panel window, where you can find the power management icon, and then double-click the icon with the mouse to open the window of power management, power scheme is set in the window "always open", and the "Turn off monitor" and "Turn off hard disks" options are set to "never" mode.

Third heat

Burner power and burn time is relatively long, inevitably there will be a lot of heat, overheating of the burner is bound to affect the internal components. Choosing a thermal design better burner, also recommended to buy a better cooling of the chassis.Then restart the computer, enter the CMOS setup interface, the interface will be in the "Power Management", "Power Saving" is set to "NONE" last saved CMOS settings, and exit to restart the computer.
Sixty-one-time burn
Do not use multiple segments, because only Windows XP can support multi-session DVD discs, but on other operating systems can not be identified.

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